Computer Networks Basics and Network Topology

1. Computer Network is for aiding ‘Data Communication’, i.e., sending and receiving of data between terminals situated at different places.

2. There are 3 types of ‘Transmission Channels’, namely, Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex Channels.

3. A(sender) à B(receiver) : is the simplex channel, where data transmission is in one way direction. Here the receiver can not send any communication back to the sender via the same channel.

4. Half Duplex channel – where the transmission of data is from both ends, but at any particular time only one is happening, either incoming or outgoing transmission. The diagram bellow shows a gap in space between the sender and receiver messages, to denote the gap in time where at one time only one message (either form the sender or from the receiver) will get transmitted.

5. Full Duplex channel, is where the data gets transmitted in both directions at the same time, i.e., there is no time lag or delay in communication.

 

6. There are 4 main types of ‘Network Topology’, namely, Mesh, Star, Ring and Bus Network.

7. Topology means the arrangement of various components of a network (such as server/hubs/nodes/links/information flow channels etc.), and depicts the structure of a network.

8. The following diagrammatic representation is of ‘Mesh Networking’ – the small rectangular boxes are ‘Nodes’.

In mesh network, each node is independent, and is used for high traffic transmission through multiple available routes. This is a fully connected network, where each node in the network to the other.

As you can see in the diagram, each node is connect to the other four, which is why this type of network is highly reliable for data transmission as there are more than one route for transmission.

Plus is a particular route fails – then the transmission can automatically switch to other available routes and the transmission will be successfully completed.

9. In ‘Star Network’, there is a ‘Cental Node’, which is also called the ‘Hub’. For your easy understanding, think of hub as a Server and the other nodes attached to it are the client nodes.

The communication between the clients takes place through the server. A client (sender) send information to the hub, the hub then transmits the information to the client (receiver) for whom the information was meant to be transmitted.

In this type of network, if the transmission line between the hub and a node fails, then that node will become isolated from the network.

And if the central node fails, then the whole network fails!


10. In ‘Ring Network’ topology, each node is connected to two other nodes only.
 The data flow is usually one way in a ring network, and hence if any line/node fails then the entire network crumbles.

11. ‘Bus Network is the type of topology in which the nodes are connected by a single communication line. This single communication line is called a bus.

The bus networks are the simplest of networks, but it has a critical drawback. It can transmit from one node at a time, because of the single line of communication.

12. Node is a connection point where data transmission originates or ends.
 

13. Terminal is a computer network means a computer equipment, it could be anything – a computer, an ATM machine, the PNR and Train time requesting machines at railway stations.

14. Dumb Terminals are those terminals which cannot do any processing or storage of data. It is simply an input/output device wired into another computer. It takes the input, transmits the data to the computer (computers can process!) to which it is connected and then displays the output.

Examples: Like PNR status checking booth at Railway stations. They have a Cathode Ray Tube (Screen), a Keyboard, or screen with touch input and gives the output on the screen.

15. Intelligent Terminals is the kind of terminal which can do its own processing…which would mean it is fitted with a processor and has memory (storage) capacity and thus is actually a computer (but not the kind which looks like our PC!)

16. Smart Terminals have processing capacities and memory too, but lesser than intelligent terminals.

So the hierarchy would be (lowest to highest ) – Dumb – Smart – Intelligent Terminals.


There you go guys computer network and its absolute basics – hope this was helpful!

Database Mangement System

Data – is any input which has been processed. It can be in numeric, alphabetic or alphanumeric form. Try to imagine data as physical files…the kind of dusty files found in government offices.

This processed data (or dusty files) needs to be stored and kept somewhere, so that when we need them we can easily retrieve it.

But where do we keep it? How do we keep it?

Don’t worry; the computer experts have solved your problem by creating the ‘database’.
Database – is simply a ‘place’ where all the data are collected and stored in an organized manner.

Think of it as a collection of many steel racks, like the ones found in old government offices! All the files/data are kept according to their serial numbers/file/folder names (or any other identification style), and stored in the racks/database.

Management system – In government officers, there are peons who are responsible for keeping the files in the right place, bringing required files to the senior officers, putting it back again after updating the files etc., this is nothing but the system of file management in the office.

Similarly, in computer’s database, it’s ‘management system’ is doing the work of the peon; bring the required files, putting back in the right place, etc. but more efficiently than a peon and faster too!!

I really do hope some vapour-ish ideas are forming in your head about DBMS!

Thus, putting down all our ideas in definition form – DBMS is a software,
(i) which helps a user in creating a collection of records and information and storing them on the computer in a systematic way (database),
(ii) it also helps in organizing, sorting and retrieval of the records/information from the database, when required by the user, to help the user in decision making (management system).

Benefits of DBMS:-

1. Faster storage and retrieval time
2. Accessing data is easy and fast
3. Data integrity(credibility of the data) and security. In govt. offices, anyone can pick up any file! But DBMS requires password authorization to access important files.
4. Backups and recovery are possible only in digital world, hence today physical files are becoming extinct.

Points to remember in DBMS

1. In DBMS data are stored in relational model, using tables with rows and columns (remember the steel racks!).

2. There are two types of Data Manipulation Languages (DML), Structured Query Language (SQL) and Data Definition Language (DDL).

3. DML are computer languages also known as query language, it is used for accessing and working on the data.
   
   In other words, DML (SQL and DDL), are like the languages people use, Hindi or English, in an office to give orders to the peon!

4. Data redundancy – which means there are no duplications of data. No multiple files of the same kind.

5. Data dictionary – is like a normal dictionary, but containing metadata.

6. Metadata – contains information about all the data in the DBMS.

7. The Keys – Primary key is used to identify a particular or specific record (file). It is unique to a particular file.
   
   Foreign Key makes a connection between a component (field) in one table with a component identified by a primary key.

8. Relational database – is the kind of database model, where there are logical connections between the various files, which are kept in tables.
   
   For example: In the given diagram, the information is stored in tables (with rows and columns), in this particular case in two relational tables.
   Every column has a Field name (employee ID, first name, last name, e-mail ID, Department ID and Department name).
   The relation between the two tables is created by the field ‘Department ID’, which connects the Employees name/ID/e-mail to a particular Department like HR or software or accounts.
   
   This is relational database, where a relation is made between items of the database.
   
    
   

List of 50 Important Marketing Questions for SBI PO Exam Preparation

1).Which among the following represents an output from the marketing environment?
a) Information on shoppers’ attitudes purchased by Debenhams Department Stores
b) Nike’s television advertising campaign featuring a leading sports personality
c) Money borrowed by Liverpool F.C. to help finance its operations.
d) Steel purchased by Volvo to be used in producing cars
e) Mittal takeover Arcenal to become largest steel maker company
Answer is: B
2).Compaq Computers which collects information about political, legal, regulatory, societal,
economic, competitive and technological forces that may affect is marketing activities. This
process is called as______
a) Environmental scanning
b) Environmental analysis
c) Marketing information analysis
d) Survey of environment
e) None of these
Answer is: A
3).When Pepsi Co takes the information collected through research and attempts to assess
and interpret what it means for its soft drink marketing efforts, Pepsi Co is involved in
environmental_______.
a) planning
b) forces
c) management
d) scanning
e) analysis
Answer is: E
4).After Compaq Computers gathers information related to its marketing environmental, it
attempts to define current environmental changes and predicts future changes, allowing it to
determine possible opportunities and threats facing the company, this process are
called______.
a) Marketing information processing
b) Marketing planning
c) Survey of environment
d) Environmental analysis
e) Environmental scanning
Answer is: D
5).If cigarette manufacturers were to lobby Parliament to get restrictions on cigarette
advertising eased; their environmental response would best be described as______
a) dominant
b) conservative
c) proactive
d) reactive
e) passive
Answer is: C
6).Procompetitive legislation and _______________ are the two major categories of laws that
directly affect marketing practices.
a) Consumer protection legislation
b) Consumer price discrimination legislation
c) Trading standards legislation
d) Unfair trade practices laws
e) None of these
Answer is: A
7).If the National Association of Hoisery Manufacturers sets guidelines for its member firms to
follow regarding the use of unethical practices, it engaging in ________.
a) Trade restraint
b) Environmental scanning
c) Self-regulation
d) Lobbying
e) Legislation
Answer is: C
8).The consumer movement is________.
a) A social movement that is able to challenge big business practices
b) A movement that is trying to improve consumer satisfaction
c) Against foreign imports that are much cheaper than a products produced in the
home market
d) A diverse group of individuals, groups and organisations attempting to protect the
rights of consumers
e) None of these
Answer is: D
9).Lynx has demonstrated against the sale of coats made of animal furs. This group’s efforts to
change shoppers’ attitudes represent ___________ for fur retailers.
a) Self-regulation
b) An opportunity
c) A societal force
d) An economic force
e) A technological force
Answer is: C
10).The period in the business cycle in which there is extremely high unemployment, low
wages, minimum total disposable income, and a lack of confidence in the economy by
consumers is __________.
a) growth
b) recession
c) depression
d) recovery
e) prosperity
Answer is: C
11).Which products would probably see the smallest negative impact on sales in a period of
recession?
a) Sony television
b) Sunmed holidays
c) Kraft General Foods microwave popcorn
d) HP baked beans
e) Nike sportswear
Answer is: D
12).In terms of consumer demand and spending behavior, marketers are most interested in
___________.
a) High incomes
b) Pretax income
c) Disposable income
d) Wealth
e) Consumer credit
Answer is: C
13).Income left over after an individual pays taxes and purchases the basic necessities of food,
clothing and shelter is called________.
a) credit
b) taxable income
c) accounting income
d) discretionary income
e) disposable income
Answer is: D
14).By offering credit through its shops, allied, the furniture and carpet retailer, is trying to get
consumers to____
a) expand disposable income at the expense of discretionary income
b) decrease both disposable and discretionary income
c) expand current buying power at the expense of future buying power
d) expand discretionary income at the expense of disposable income
e) expand both disposable income and wealth
Answer is: C
15).Mixed concrete cannot be shipped further than 25 miles because the concrete might
harden in the truck. Antrim Country Company is the only supplier of mixed concrete within a 30
mile radius. Antrim Country Concrete Company is an example of ____________ competitive
structures.
a) Monopoly
b) Monopsony
c) Monopolistic Competition
d) Perfect Competition
e) Oligopoly
Answer is: A
16).A comprehensive spending pattern is ___________
a) Shows the percentages of annual family expenditures allotted to general classes of
goods and services
b) Is used to determine the precise buying power of individuals
c) Shows annual discretionary income of consumers
d) Indicates the annual amounts spend by families for specific products within a general
product class
e) None of these
Answer is: A
17).A spending pattern that indicates the annual amounts households spend for particular
products within a general product class is called_______.
a) A behavioral spending pattern
b) A product specific spending pattern
c) A consumer spending pattern
d) A comprehensive spending pattern
e) An average spending pattern
Answer is: B
18).What type of competitive structure exists when a few sellers control a large portion of the
supply of a product?
a) Monopolistic Competition
b) Oligopoly
c) Monopoly
d) Perfect Competition
e) Mixed Competition
Answer is: B
19).The type of competitive structure that exists when a firm with many potential competitors
attempts to develop a differential marketing strategy to establish its own market share is:
a) Perfect Competition
b) Oligopoly
c) Monopolistic Competition
d) Monopoly
e) None of these
Answer is: C
20).What is the name of the procedure used to predict the effects of new products and
processes on a firm or on society in general?
a) Technology Assessment
b) Social Audit
c) Environmental Assessment
d) Social Estimation
e) Environmental Scanning
Answer is: A
21).Which product is MOST likely being purchased through routine decision marketing?
a) Television set
b) Shirt
c) Desk
d) Soft drink
e) Car
Answer is: D
22).Alice plans to buy a new swimsuit for her spring break cruise. She has not seen this year’s
styles and will do some shopping around before making a purchase decision. Alice is engaging
in ___________.
a) Extensive decision making
b) Extensive response behavior
c) Limited decision making
d) Routine response behavior
e) None of these
Answer is: C
23).Susan has left her parents home and moved into a new flat. She is spending considerable
time and effort comparing the ranges of furniture in different retail stores. Which type of
decision-making process is she using?
a) Routine
b) Shopping
c) Extensive
d) Intensive
e) Selective
Answer is: C
24).If Kwik-Fit runs an ad asking customers to check windscreen wiper blades for wear, the
firm is attempting to stimulate which of the following?
a) Evaluation of alternatives
b) Evoked set formation
c) Information Search
d) Problem recognition
e) None of these
Answer is: D
25).As Bob runs out of shaving cream, he tries to remember what he did the last time this
happened. He is engaging in_________.
a) External search
b) Alternative evaluation
c) Internal search
d) Evoked set development
e) Cognitive dissonance
Answer is: C
26).Which is the major factors that used to divide markets into consumer markets or
organizational markets?
a) Buyer’s characteristics and the frequency of purchases.
b) Buyer characteristics and product characteristics.
c) Buyer characteristics and the purposes for which they buy products.
d) Product prices and buyer characteristics.
e) Buyer characteristics and size of purchases.
Answer is: C
27).Linda and George are caught up in the fitness craze and are looking for a health club to
join. This purchase is likely to be affected by ________ involvement.
a) perceived
b) evoked
c) enduring
d) internal
e) low
Answer is: C
28).The three major categories of influences that are believed to influence the consumer
buying decision process are personal, psychological and_________.
a) situational
b) social
c) person-specific
d) demographic
e) cultural
Answer is: B
29).Which among the following is considered a situational factor influencing the consumer
buying decision process?
a) Social class
b) Personality
c) A raise in pay
d) Culture
e) Family
Answer is: C
30).Shopping in her local Spar, Jim sees a new diet cola. He picks up a six-pack to take home
and try. This purchase is indicative of __________ decision making.
a) Low-involvement
b) situational
c) internal set
d) extensive
e) None of these
Answer is: A
31).Personality characteristics, perception, motives, ability, knowledge and attitudes
a) are extend force that affect the market
b) are external forces that affect consumers’ behavior
c) are psychological forces that may influence consumers’ behavior
d) can be measured accurately by marketers
e) operate independently of environmental influences
Answer is: C
32).Perception is a three-step process that involves _______.
a) Anticipating, classifying, and discarding information inputs.
b) Collecting, eliminating, and organizing information inputs.
c) Selecting, organizing, and interpreting information inputs.
d) Motivation, personality, and attitudes.
e) None of these
Answer is: C
33).Reading through a copy of loaded containing advertisements for sweaters form Ralph
Lauren, Levi Strauss jeans and tennis shoes from Adidas, Martin remembers only the shoe ad,
thanks to the recent tear in his Reebooks. Martin has engaged in selective:
a) reading
b) analysis
c) decision making
d) retention
e) distortion
Answer is: D
34).A change in an individual’s behavior prompted by information and experience is
called_________.
a) learning
b) motivation
c) inculturation
d) role selection
e) perception
Answer is: A
35).If a market researcher for Pot Noodles studies consumer motives by having subjects
complete bubble cartoons, the researcher is probably employing which motivation research
method?
a) Attitude scale
b) Patronage motivation technique
c) Projective technique
d) Group interview
e) Depth interview
Answer is: C
36).Attitude refers to ____________
a) competence and efficiency in performing activities
b) a set of actions that a person in a particular position is supposed to perform
c) the internal traits and behavior that makes a person unique
d) a person’s behavior caused by information and experience
e) one’s evaluation, feelings, and behavior tendencies towards an object or idea
Answer is: E
37).An attitude scale measures the______.
a) Intensity of a buyer’s desire for the product.
b) Amount of experience the buyer has had with the product.
c) Buyer’s level of information about a product.
d) Intensity of buyer’s feelings toward a certain object.
e) Strength of buyer’s need for a product.
Answer is: D
38).The set of actions and activities associated with each position one holds within a group,
organisation, institution constitutes _______.
a) perception
b) a role
c) a motive.
d) An attitude
e) Personality.
Answer is: B
39).A culture can be divided into subcultures according to which of the following?
a) the information to which consumers allow themselves to be exposed.
b) Geographic regions and income levels.
c) Geographic regions or human characteristics, such as age or ethnic background
d) The motive that people have for their behavior
e) Personality characteristics.
Answer is: C
40).Shortly after purchasing a product, the post purchase evaluation may result in cognitive
dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is best defined as _________.
a) The establishment of criteria for comparing products.
b) Satisfaction with the purchase.
c) The congruence between external and internal searches for product information.
d) Doubts that occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the
product was right.
e) None of these
Answer is: D
41).According to the text, a product is________
a) Everything the customer receives in an exchange.
b) The service is rendered to a customer.
c) Goods and that the services the customer receives in an exchanges
d) The physical object the customer receives in an exchange.
e) The idea that the customer receiver in an exchange.
Answer is: A
42). A light bulb can be considered all of the following EXCEPT
a) An business-to-business product
b) A consumer product
c) An industrial product if it is used to light an assembly line in a factory.
d) Either a consumer product or an industrial product
e) A consumer product if it is used to light the office of the board of directors
Answer is: E
43).Among the following which is an example of a convenience consumer product?
a) A motorcycle
b) petrol
c) stereo equipment
d) athletic shoes
e) a bicycle
Answer is: B
44).Sue North called several airlines to compare rates and choose a flight on British Midland
as it had better reputation for service and competitive prices. The airline ticket is an example of
which type of product?
a) specialty
b) shopping
c) unsought
d) convenience
e) None of these
Answer is: B
45). Products that are relatively inexpensive and are purchased frequently with minimal effort
can be classified as ________ products.
a) specialty
b) convenience
c) shopping
d) unsought
e) industrial
Answer is: B
46). Industrial products are_______
a) Frequently purchased for their functional aspects and their psychological rewards.
b) Not purchased by non business organizations.
c) Traditionally classified according to their characteristics and intended uses.
d) Purchased for personal consumption.
e) None of these
Answer is: C
47). Large tools and machines used in a production process for a considerable length of time
are classified as_______.
a) Major equipment
b) Component parts
c) Raw materials
d) Accessory equipment
e) Consumable supplies
Answer is: A
48). Items that are purchased routinely, do not become part of the final physical product, and
are treated like expense items rather than capital goods are called as_______.
a) Components parts
b) Major equipment
c) Accessory equipment
d) Process materials
e) Raw materials
Answer is: C
49).Products that are used directly in the production of a final product but are not easily
identifiable are categorized as__________.
a) Component parts
b) Consumable supplies
c) Accessory products
d) Assembly components
e) Process materials
Answer is: E
50).Which one of the following is NOT an industrial product?
a) Transistors used as components for portable radios
b) Oil to be refined into fuel for homes
c) A marketing consultant who prepares marketing plans for clients
d) Paper, pens, and glue used in bank branch offices
e) Computer software to help people complete personal tax forms
Answer is: E

Important study materials for IBPS-rrb,SBI mains,RBI asst,LIC ado,IDBI manipal etc.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-Pz8BE3xA5yfmZXQ3FqVmpVTkJGaHhaRUtwWGFSVTZCZXkxZnJXd18wZHlsc2huVzlmUHc

http://careerpower.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Computer-Capsule-July-2015.pdf

eduffic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CAPSULE-FOR-SBI-PO-MAINSRRBRBI-ASSISTANT-UPDATED.pdf

http://gradestack.com/user_files/1/-2/downloadableFiles/fada4ba3b93c8985b9225f8768c3daf4.pdf

BIS & Basel Norms

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) established on 17 May 1930,is the world's oldest international financial organisation. The BIS has 60 member central banks, representing countries from around the world that together make up about 95% of world GDP.The head office is in Basel,Switzerland and there are two representative offices: in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's, Republic of China and in Mexico City.

The mission of the BIS is to serve central banks of different of nations in their pursuit of monetary and financial stability, to foster international cooperation in those areas and to act as a bank for central banks.The Basel Committee is the primary global standard ­setter for the prudential regulation of banks and provides a forum for cooperation on banking supervisory matters.

NORMS ISSUED BY BIS

Basel I

In 1988,The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduced capital measurement system called Basel capital accord,also called as Basel 1. It focused almost entirely on credit risk. It defined capital and structure of risk weights for banks. The minimum capital requirement was fixed at 8% of risk weighted assets (RWA). RWA means assets with different risk profiles. For example, an asset backed by collateral would carry lesser risks as compared to personal loans, which have no collateral. India adopted Basel 1 guidelines in 1999.The Basel I Accord, issued in 1988, has succeeded in raising the total level of equity capital in the system.Like many regulations, it also pushed unintended consequences; because it does not differentiate risks very well, it perversely encouraged risk seeking. It also promoted the loan securitization that led to the unwinding in the subprime market.

Basel II

In June 1999, the Committee issued a proposal for a new capital adequacy framework to replace the 1988 Accord. This led to the release of the Revised Capital Framework in June 2004. Generally known as‟Basel II”, the revised framework comprised three pillars, namely minimum capital, supervisor review and market

discipline.

Minimum capital is the technical, quantitative heart of the accord.Banks must hold capital against 8% of their assets, after adjusting their assets for risk.Supervisor review is the process whereby national regulators ensure their home country banks are following the rules. If minimum capital is the rule book, the second pillar is the referee system.Market discipline is based on enhanced disclosure of risk. This may be an important pillar due to the complexity of Basel. Under Basel II, banks may use their own internal models (and gain lower capital requirements) but the price of this is transparency.

Basel  III

Even before Lehman Brothers collapsed in September 2008, the need for a fundamental strengthening of the Basel II framework had become apparent.The banking sector had entered the financial crisis with too much leverage and inadequate liquidity buffers.Responding to these risk factors, the Basel Committee issued Principles for sound liquidity risk management and supervision in the same month that Lehman Brothers failed. In July 2009, the Committee issued a further package of documents to strengthen the Basel II capital framework, notably with regard to the treatment of certain complex securitisation positions, off ­balance sheet vehicles and trading book exposures. In September 2010, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision announced higher global minimum capital standards for commercial banks. This followed an agreement reached in July regarding the overall design of the capital and liquidity reform package, now referred to as“Basel III”.

INDIA AND BASEL NORMS:

• Presently indian banking system folllows basel II norms.
• The Reserve Bank of India has extended the timeline for full implementation of the Basel III capital regulations by a year to march 31,2019.March 31, 2019.
• Around 10 public sector banks (PSBs) will get a total capital infusion of Rs 12,517 crore from the government before this financial year ends.
• Government of India is scaling disinvesting their holdings in PSBs to 52 per cent.

#Copied from Bankersadda.com

Awards and Honours in India 2015

Awards and Honours in India for the year 2015 :-

Miami Open 2015

Men’s Single
Novak Djokovic(Serbia)
Women’s Single
Serena Williams(USA)

Men’s Double
American Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA)
Women’s Double
Sania Mirza (India) and Switzerland‘s Martina Hingis

French Open 2015

Men’s Single
Stan Wawrinka (Switzerland),
Runner Up Novak Djokovic (Serbia)
Women’s Single
Serena Williams (USA),
Runner Up Lucie Šafářová (Czech Republic)

Rome Master 2015

Men’s Single

N. Djokovic
Women’s Single
Maria Sharapova
Women’s Double
Timea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic
Men’s Double
P. Cuevas and D. Marrero

Olympics Games 2014 (winter)

Host City

Sochi (Russia)
Winner in Medal Telly
Russia
Venues
2016 Summer: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
2018 winter: Pyeongchang (South Korea)
2020 summer: Tokyo (Japan)

Wimbledon Open 2015

Men’s Single
Novak Djokovic(Serbia)
Women’s Single
Serena Williams(USA)
Men’s Double
Jean Jullien Rojer of Netherlands and HoriaTecau of Romania
Women’s Double
Sania Mirza (India) and Switzerland‘s Martina Hingis
Mixed Doubles
Leander Paes of India and Martina Hingis of Switzerland

Cricket World Cup 2015

Winner

Australia

Runners up
Newzealand
Most Runs
Martin Guptill (New Zealand) 547 runs.
Man of the finals
James Faulkner (Australia)
Most wickets
Mitchell Starc (Australia) 22 wickets and Trent Boult (Newzealand) 22 wickets.
Man of the tournament
Mitchell Starc (Australia)
Final Match played at
Melbourne, Australia

IPL 2015

Winning Tea, & Runner Up

Mumbai Indians
Runner Up Chennai Super Kings
Orange Cap
David Warner
Emerging Player
Shreyas Iyer
Most Number of Sixes
Chris Gayle
Highest Individual Score
AB De Villiars
Purple Cap
Dwayne Bravo

IIFA 2015 Winner

Best Actor
Shahid Kapoor for Haider
Best Actress
Kangna Ranaut for Queen
Best Director
Rajkumar Hirani for PK
Best Movie
Queen

62^nd Nation Film Awards

Best Actor

Sanchari Vijay for Nanu Avanalla Avalu
Best Actress
Kangna Ranaut for Queen
Best Director
Srijit Mukherji
Best Feature Film in Hindi
Court
Best Feature Film
Queen
Dada Saheb Phalke Award
Shashi Kapoor

Nobel Prize Winners ( 2014 ) 

Peace

Kailash Satyarthi 

He is an Indian Children's Rights Activist.He has free over 80,000 children from various form of servitude and helped in successful in re-integration , rehabilitation and education. 

Malala Yousafzai 

She is a Women's and Children's Rights Activist from Pakistan ,She was shot in the head by Taliban gunmen in 2012.She survived and has continued to speak out on the importance of education.

Physics

" for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting which has enabled bright and energy savings white light sorces".

Shuji Nakamura

Hiroshi Amano

Isamu Akasaki

Chemistry

for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy

William E. Moerner

Eric Betzig

Stefan Hell

Medicine

for discovering a cells that constitute a positioning system  in the brain.

John O’Keefe

Discovered cells in the rat's brain region (hippocampus) that were active in certain places in the enviorment and proposed that these cells created inner map of surroundings.

Edvard Moser and May-Britt Moser

Together discovered "grid cells" that were activeted when the rat was in the particular places. Grid cells together with cells discovered by O'Keefe build up an inner GPS system that helps with spatial naviagation.

Literature 

for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation.

Patrick Modianao

Economics

for his analysis of market power and regulations

Jean Tirole 

Bharat Ratna 

Ashoka Chakra Award

Naik Neeraj Kumar and Major Mukund Varadarajan

Padma Awards 2014

The list consist of 9 Padma Vibhushan, 20 Padma Bhushan and 75 Padma Shri Awardees. 17 of the awardees are women and the list also includes 17 persons from the category of foreigners, NRIs, PIOs and 4 Posthumous awardees.

Padma Vibhushan

1. LK Advani- Public Affairs- Gujarat
2. Amitabh Bachchan- Art- Maharashtra
3. Prakash Singh Badal- Public Affairs- Punjab
4. Dr D Veerendra Heggade- Social Work- Karnataka
5. Mohammad Yusuf Khan alias Dilip Kumar- Art- Maharashtra
6. Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya- Others- Uttar Pradesh
7. Prof Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan- Science and Engineering- Tamil Nadu
8. Kottayan K. Venugopal- Public Affairs- Delhi
9. Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan (Foreigner)- Trade and Industry- France/UK

Padma Bhushan

1. Jahnu Barua- Art- Assam
2. Dr Vijay Bhatkar- Science and Engineering- Maharashtra
3. Shri Swapan Dasgupta- Literature and Education- Delhi
4. Swami Satyamitranand Giri- Others- Uttar Pradesh
5. N Gopalaswami- Civil Service- Tamil Nadu
6. Dr Subhash C Kashyap- Public Affairs- Delhi
7. Dr (Pandit) Gokulotsavji Maharaj- Art- Madhya Pradesh
8. Dr Ambrish Mithal- Medicine - Delhi
9. Sudha Ragunathan- Art- Tamil Nadu
10. Shri Harish Salve- Public Affairs- Delhi
11. Dr Ashok Seth- Medicine- Delhi
12. Rajat Sharma- Literature and Education- Delhi
13. Satpal- Sports- Delhi
14. Shivakumara Swami- Others- Karnataka
15. Dr Kharag Singh Valdiya- Science and Engineering- Karnataka
16. Prof Manjul Bhargava (NRI/PIO)- Science and Engineering- USA
17. David Frawley (Vamadeva) (Foreigner)- Others- USA
18. Bill Gates (Foreigner)- Social Work- USA
19. Melinda Gates (Foreigner)- Social Work- USA
20. Saichiro Misumi (Foreigner)- Others- Japan

Padma Shri

1. Dr Manjula Anagani- Medicine- Telangana
2. S Arunan- Science and Engineering- Karnataka
3. Kanyakumari Avasarala- Art- Tamil Nadu
4. Dr Bettina Sharada Baumer- Literature and Education- Jammu and Kashmir
5. Naresh Bedi- Art- Delhi
6. Ashok Bhagat- Social Work- Jharkhand
7. Sanjay Leela Bhansali- Art- Maharashtra
8. Dr Lakshmi Nandan Bora- Literature and Education- Assam
9. Dr Gyan Chaturvedi- Literature and Education- Madhya Pradesh
10. Prof (Dr) Yogesh Kumar Chawla- Medicine- Chandigarh
11. Jayakumari Chikkala- Medicine- Delhi
12. Bibek Debroy- Literature and Education- Delhi
13. Dr Sarungbam Bimola Kumari Devi- Medicine- Manipur
14. Dr Ashok Gulati- Public Affairs- Delhi
15. Dr Randeep Guleria- Medicine- Delhi
16. Dr KP Haridas- Medicine- Kerala
17. Rahul Jain- Art- Delhi
18. Ravindra Jain- Art- Maharashtra
19. Dr Sunil Jogi- Literature and Education- Delhi
20. Prasoon Joshi- Art- Maharashtra
21. Dr Prafulla Kar- Art- Odisha
22. Saba Anjum- Sports- Chhattisgarh
23. Ushakiran Khan- Literature and Education- Bihar
24. Dr Rajesh Kotecha- Medicine- Rajasthan
25. Prof Alka Kriplani- Medicine Delhi
26. Dr Harsh Kumar- Medicine- Delhi
27. Narayana Purushothama Mallaya- Literature & Education- Kerala
28. Lambert Mascarenhas- Literature and Education- Goa
29. Dr Janak Palta McGilligan- Social Work- Madhya Pradesh
30. Veerendra Raj Mehta- Social Work- Delhi
31. Tarak Mehta- Art- Gujarat
32. Neil Herbert Nongkynrih (Art), Meghalaya
33. Chewang Norphel- Others- Jammu and Kashmir
34. TV Mohandas Pai- Trade and Industry- Karnataka
35. Dr Tejas Patel- Medicine- Gujarat
36. Jadav Molai Peyang- Others- Assam
37. Bimla Poddar- Others- Uttar Pradesh
38. Dr N Prabhakar- Science and Engg- Delhi
39. Dr Prahalada- Science and Engg- Maharashtra
40. Dr Narendra Prasad- Medicine- Bihar
41. Ram Bahadur Rai- Literature and Education- Delhi
42. Mithali Raj- Sports- Telangana
43. PV Rajaraman- Civil Service- Tamil Nadu
44. Prof JS Rajput- Literature and Education- Uttar Pradesh
45. Kota Srinivasa Rao- Art- Andhra Pradesh
46. Prof Bimal Roy- Literature and Education- West Bengal
47. Shekhar Sen- Art- Maharashtra
48. Gunvant Shah- Literature and Education- Gujarat
49. Brahmdev Sharma- Literature and Education- Delhi
50. Manu Sharma- Literature and Education- Uttar Pradesh
51. Prof Yog Raj Sharma- Medicine- Delhi
52. Vasant Shastri- Science and Engg- Karnataka
53. SK Shivkumar- Science and Engg- Karnataka
54. PV Sindhu- Sports- Telangana
55. Sardara Singh- Sports- Haryana
56. Arunima Sinha-Sports- Uttar Pradesh
57. Mahesh Raj Soni- Art- Rajasthan
58. Dr Nikhil Tandon- Medicine- Delhi
59. H Thegtse Rinpoche- Social Work- Arunachal Pradesh
60. Dr Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi- Medicine- Gujarat
61. Huang Baosheng- Others- China
62. Prof Jacques Blamont- Science and Engg- France
63. Late Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin- Others- Maharashtra (Posthumous)
64. Jean-Claude Carriere- Literature and Education - France
65. Dr Nandrajan 'Raj' Chetty- Literature and Education- France
66. George L Hart- Others- USA
67. Jagat Guru Amrta Suryananda Maha Raja- Others- Portugal
68. Late Meetha Lal Mehta- Social Work- Rajasthan (Posthumous)
69. Tripti Mukherjee- Art- USA
70. Dr Dattatreyudu Nori- Medicine- USA
71. Dr Raghu Rama Pillarisetti (Medicine), USA
72. Dr Saumitra Rawat- Medicine- UK
73. Prof Annette Schmiedchen (Literature and Education), Germany
74. Late Pran Kumar Sharma alias Pran- Art- Delhi (Posthumous)
75. Late R Vasudevan- Civil Service- Tamil Nadu (Posthumous)

Many More ...

• Asian Banker Achievement Award 2015 - Bharatiya Mahila Bank 
• Nishan-e-Pakistan (Pakistan’s highest civilian Award) - Chinese president Xi Jinping 
• Pulitzer prizes for West Africa Ebola coverage - New York Times 
• Washington Film festival(Best Feature Film Award) - Margarita, with a Straw 
• Whitley Awards for wildlife conservation - Ananda Kumar, Pramod Patil 
• Commonwealth Short Story Prize for Asia region 2015 - Novelist Siddhartha Gigoo 
• UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2015 – Mazen Darwish 
• Man Booker International Prize 2015 - Laszlo Krasznahorkai (Hungarian writer) 
• Sri Sri Ravi Shankar conferred with Columbia’s highest civilian aw 
• Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samman 2015 - K Meenakshi Sundaram, Acharya Munishwar Jha, Charu Chandra Pande and Mathuradutt Mathpal 
• 68th Cannes film festival (FIPRESCI Award) – Masaan(Indian Film) 
• Golden Medal for Merit in Work of Spain - Tennis player Rafael Nadal 
• RedInk Lifetime Achievement Award 2015 - Prannoy Roy 
• World No Tobacco Day Award 2015 - SS Negi (Uttarakhand’s Health Minister) 
• Gandhi Peace Prize 2014 - Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) 
• Bangladesh Liberation War Award- Atal Behari Vajpayee 
• Space Pioneer Award – ISRO for Mangalyaan Mars Orbiter Mission 
• Times of India Sports Awards(Sportsperson of the Year)- Jitu Rai 
• 50th Jnanpith Award- Bhalchandra Nemade (awarded by MODI ,for several books( including Kosala and Hindu)) 
• Dadasaheb Phalke Film Foundation Award 2015 - Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan (Film: Happy New Year). Actor Rajkummar Rao won the prestigious award for his performance in the critically acclaimed film Citylights. 
• Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2015- Bollywood actor Anil Kapoor 
• Dr. Pramod Patil and Dr. Ananda Kumar won 2015 Whitley Awards for wildlife conservation. 
• International Achievement Award 2015 – Subadhra Devi Rai (an Indian origin nurse) 
• Egypt's Academy of Arts – Amitabh Bachchan . 
• Golden Peacock National Quality Award for the year 2015 - Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL).

Thanx Ramandeep Sir :-)
Pdf link http://testpanda.com/raman-files/Awards%202015.pdf

Recent Banking and Financial Developments in India

Here are some recent developments in the financial and banking realms.

• K.V. Kamath noted banker of India was on 11 May 2015 appointed as the first President of the $100-billion New Development Bank (NDB) of the BRICS countries, to be based in China’s financial hub Shanghai.
  
• Lok Sabha on 13 May 2015 passed The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2015 by a voice vote. The Bills amends the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 in order to make cheque-bounce filing of cases more convenient for check payees (person who receives the cheque). 
• According to the data released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the number of outstanding credit cards at the end of December was 20.29 million.
• Mangaluru-headquartered Corporation Bank recently dropped plans to take over the assets and liabilities of a Maharashtra-based cooperative bank named Rupee co-operative bank license was cancelled by the RBI in 2013.
• Private-sector Federal Bank on 18 May 2015 ventured into credit card segment with the launch of a co-branded credit card with SBI.
• The new Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS) was announced in the Union Budget 2015-16 with the aim of replacing both the present Gold Deposit and Gold Metal Loan Schemes. The new scheme will allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the jewellers to obtain loans in their metal account.
• The Union Finance Ministry announced that it was able to contain the fiscal deficit for 2014-15 at 4% of GDP against 4.1% set to be achieved in the Union Budget.
• The revenue deficit was estimated at 2.8% of the as against the revised estimate of 2.9% of GDP, marking a sharp improvement over 3.2% for 2013-14.
• The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2014 was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 13 May. The amendments to the Companies Act, 2013, which came into effect from 1 April 2015, are designed to address some issues raised by stakeholders.
• India’s largest banking entity State Bank of India (SBI) has launched Online Customer Acquisition Solution (OCAS), an online platform to apply for loans.
• India’s largest private sector lender Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) Bank has launched voice password facility for users.
• India’s largest public sector lender, State Bank of India (SBI) has signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) with e-commerce giant Amazon. The MoU seeks to identify and tap the potential areas of collaboration for payments and commerce solutions between both signatory parties.
• ICICI Bank’s first branch in China was inaugurated in Shanghai, a major global financial hub. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the presence of ICICI Bank’s MD and CEO Chanda Kochhar. Earlier in 2003, ICICI Bank had opened a representative office in China.
• India’s largest lender, State Bank of India (SBI) has launched contact-less credit and debit cards sbiINTOUCH. sbiINTOUCH is based upon latest near-field technology (NFC) that enables customer to transact using the card by just tapping or waving it against the reader of the POS. SBI is also proving a fraud liability cover of 1 lakh rupees on these cards.
• According to a latest report of the World Bank, 43 % of India’s bank accounts were lying dormant in 2014.

Thanx Ramandeep Sir #Copied from Bankexamstoday.

New Social Security Schemes

New Social Security Schemes

New Social Security Schemes by PM Modi

After Jan Dhan (PMJDY), the government will launch 3 mega social security initiatives in India (a Pension and two Insurance schemes) on May 9, 2015 in Kolkata.

These schemes are aimed at providing affordable universal access to essential social security protection in a convenient manner linked to auto-debit facility from the bank account of a subscriber.


The Insurance and Pension Schemes

1. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) - Life Insurance
2. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) - Accidental Insurance
3. Atal Pension Yojana (APY) - Pension

Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)

It will offer a renewable one-year life cover of Rs. 2 lakh to all savings bank account holders in the age group of 18-50 years, covering death due to any reason, for a premium of Rs. 330 / annum per subscriber.

The scheme would be offered or administered through Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) or other Life Insurance companies willing to offer the product on similar terms on the choice of the bank concerned.



Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

It will offer a renewable one-year accidental death-cum-disability cover of Rs. 2 lakh for partial/permanent disability to all savings bank account holders in the age group of 18-70 years for a premium of Rs. 12 / annum (i.e., Rs. 1 / month) per subscriber.

The scheme would be administered through public sector General Insurance companies or other general insurance firms willing to offer the product on similar terms on the choice of the bank concerned.



Atal Pension Yojana (APY)

It will focus on the unorganized sector and provide subscribes a fixed min. pension of Rs. 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 or 5000 per month starting at the age of 60 years, depending on the contribution option exercised on entering at an age between 18-40 years.

The period of contribution by any subscriber under APY would be 20 years or more. The fixed min. pension would be guaranteed by the government.

While the scheme is open to bank account holders in the prescribed age group, the central government would also co-contribute 50 % of the total contribution, or Rs. 1000/annum, whichever is lower, for a period of 5 years for those joining the scheme before December 31, 2015 and are not members of any statutory security scheme and are not income tax payers.

- See more at: http://www.bankoncepts.in/2015/05/new-social-security-schemes.html#sthash.TLE7Ucl2.dpuf

Payment Gateway and its working

What is Payment Gateway?
A payment gateway is an e-commerce application service provider service that authorizes payments for e-businesses, online retailers.
Payment gateways protect credit card details by encrypting sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, to ensure that information is passed securely between the customer and the merchant and also between merchant and the payment processor.
How payment gateways work
A payment gateway facilitates the transfer of information between a payment portal and the Front End Processor or acquiring bank. Ex: PayPal, ICICI Bank payment Gateway etc.
Various steps of transaction

• A customer places order on website by pressing the ‘Submit Order’ .
• The customer’s web browser encrypts the information to be sent between the browser and the merchant’s webserver. This is done via SSL (Secure Socket Layer) encryption.
• The merchant then forwards the transaction details to their payment gateway. This is another SSL encrypted and connection to the payment server hosted by the payment gateway.
• The payment gateway forwards the transaction information to the payment processor used by the merchant’s acquiring bank.
• The payment processor forwards the transaction information to the card association (i.e., Visa/MasterCard)
• The card association routes the transaction to the correct card issuing bank.
• The credit card issuing bank receives the authorization request and sends a response back to the processor (via the same process as the request for authorization) with a response code.
• The processor forwards the response to the payment gateway.
• The payment gateway receives the response, and forwards it on to the website where it is interpreted as a relevant response then relayed back to the cardholder and the merchant.
• The entire process typically takes 2–3 seconds
• The merchant submits all their approved authorizations, in a “batch”, to their acquiring bank for settlement.
• The acquiring bank deposits the total of the approved funds in to the merchant’s nominated account.

The entire process from authorization to settlement to funding typically takes 3 days.
Many payment gateways also provide tools to automatically screen orders and detect fraud include Geo location, velocity pattern analysis, delivery address verification, computer finger printing technology, identity morphing detection, and basic AVS checks.

Types of Banking

1. Para banking- When Bank provide banking services except the general banking facility.
2. Narrow Banking- When banks invest its money in government securities instead investing in market to avoid risk.
3. Overseas Banking- Banks having branches in other countries besides its origin country.
Example: Bank of Baroda has maximum foreign branches by any indian bank
4. Offshore Banking- Bank which accept currency of all countries. Offshore banks are in those countries which declares them as Heaven Bank Country. Example- Swiss Banks
5. Green banking- Promoting environmental-friendly practices and reducing your carbon footprint from your banking activities.
6. Islamic bank- Those Banks which work according to Islamic Laws. Concept originate in Egypt. Islamic bank opens at Cochin in kerala in 2010.
7. Kiosk Banking- When we Deposit or withdraw money from booths , it is called Kiosk banking.
8.Defence Banking- Full banking services made available to all members of the Defence force, including non-uniformed personnel and other civilians.
9.Retail Banking- Retail banking refers to the division of a bank that deals directly with retail customers. Also known as consumer banking or personal banking, retail banking is the visible face of banking to the general public.
10 Banking on Wheel- to provide banking services in remote villages which are devoid of banking facilities as part its financial inclusion plan.
11. Wholesale banking-Wholesale banking is the provision of services by banks to organisations such as Mortgage Brokers, large corporate clients, mid-sized companies, real estate developers and investors, international trade finance businesses, institutional customers (such as pension funds and government entities/agencies), and services offered to other banks or other financial institutions.
12. Parallel banking – Parallel banks are defined as banks licensed in different jurisdictions that, while not being part of the same financial group for regulatory consolidation purposes, have the same beneficial owner(s), and consequently, often share common management and interlinked businesses. The owner(s) may be an individual or a family, a group of private shareholders, or a holding company or other entity that is not subject to banking supervision. Parallel banking relationships may exist, unknown to the supervisors of the parallel banks.

General Budget 2015-16

Deficits, GDP growth, Inflation, Disinvestment

1. Fiscal Deficit - will meet the target of 4.1 % of GDP in 2014-15. Set a target of 3.9 % of GDP for 2015-16 fiscal year. And a final goal of 3 % of GDP (as set by FRBM Act)
2. Current Account Deficit (CAD) - below 1.3 %
3. Revenue Deficit seen at 2.8 % of GDP
4. GDP growth for 2015-16 will rise to 8 - 8.5 %, and double-digit in subsequent years (new GDP method). GDP growth for 2014-15 is 7.4 % and 2013-14 is 6.9 %
5. Consumer Inflation (CPI) to remain close to 5 % by March, opening room for more monetary policy easing. Objective of keeping inflation below 6 %
6. Disinvestment target of Rs. 410 billion from stake sales in companies in 2015-16

Taxation

1. Income-Tax (I-T) No change in I-T slab. Deduction limit raised to Rs. 4,44,200 a year for an individual (meaning an individual tax payer can claim tax benefits for up to the deduction limit in addition to the tax exemption, which is unchanged)*
2. Wealth tax is abolished, whereas additional 2 % surcharge for the super rich with income of over Rs. 1 crore, and firms with income of over Rs. 10 crore
3. Corporate tax to be reduced to 25 % (from 30 %) over next 4 years (aiming to up employment generation)
4. 100 % exemption for contribution to 'Swachh Bharat', apart from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
5. Service Tax and Education cess increased to 14 % (from 12.36 %)
6. General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) deferred by 2 years (GAAR framed to minimize tax avoidance)

Financial Sector Reforms

1. Forward Markets Commission (FMC) (commodity market regulator) to be merged with SEBI
2. NBFCs (registered with RBI) having minimum asset size of Rs. 500 crore to be considered as 'Financial Institutions' under SARFAESI Act, 2002 - enabling them to fund Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) and mid-corporate businesses.
3. New bankruptcy code
4. To amend RBI Act and provide for a Monetary Policy Committee
5. To establish an Autonomous Bank Board Bureau to improve management of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)

Agriculture

1. Rural Infrastructure Development Bank - Rs. 25,000 crore
2. Micro Irrigation Programme - Rs. 5,300 crore
3. Farmer's credit - target of Rs. 8.5 lakh crore

Infrastructure

1. Investment in Infrastructure sector - Rs. 70,000 crore
2. Plans to set up National Investment Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)
3. Tax-free Bonds for projects in rail, road and irrigation
4. Atal Innovation Mission to be established to draw on expertise of entrepreneurs and researchers to foster scientific innovations - allocated Rs. 150 crore
5. Government proposes to set up 5 "Ultra Mega" Power projects - each of 4,000 MW
6. Will need to build additional 1,00,000 km of road
7. Ports in public sector will be encouraged to corporatise under Companies Act

Education

1. AIIMS - Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam (total 6)
2. IIT - Karnataka; Indian School of Mines (ISM) in Dhanbad to be upgraded to IIT (total 2)
3. IIM - Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh (total 2)
4. PG Institute of Horticulture - Amritsar in Punjab
5. University of Disability Studies - Kerala
6. Center of film production, animation and gaming - Arunachal Pradesh

Defense

1. Allocation of Rs. 2,46,726 crore (increased by 9.87 % from last year)
2. Focus on Make in India for quick manufacturing of Defense equipment

Welfare Schemes

1. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - 50,000 toilets
2. Goods and Services Tax (GST) - to be implemented by April 2016
3. JAM Trinity - Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhar, Mobile - for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to better serve poor and reduce leakage of subsidies. DBT will be further expanded from 1 crore to 10.3 crore
4. National Skills Mission to enhance employability of rural youth
5. MUDRA bank - will refinance micro-finance organizations to encourage first generation SC/ST entrepreneurs
6. Housing for all - by 2020
7. Atal Pension Yojana - government will contribute 50 % of the premium limited to Rs. 1,000 a year
8. Universal Social Security system - for all Indians
9. Senior Citizens Fund - government to use Rs. 9,000 crore unclaimed funds in PPF/EPF
10. MGNREGA - Rs. 5,000 crore additional allocation
11. New scheme for physical aids and assisted living devices for people aged over 80
12. Upgradation of 80,000 secondary schools

Tourism

1. Development schemes for - Goa churches and convents, Hampi, Elephanta caves, Rajasthan forests, Leh palace, Varanasi, Jalianwala Bagh, Qutb Shahi tombs at Hyderabad
2. Visa on Arrival - increased to 150 countries (from 43 countries) in a phase-wise manner

Renewable Energy

1. Electric cars production - Rs. 75 crore
2. Renewable energy (RE) target for 2022 - total 1,75,000 MW (including 1,00,000 MW of solar power, 60,000 MW of wind power, 10,000 MW of biomass energy, 5,000 MW from small hydroelectric projects) - (currently, India has capacity of 33,000 MW clean energy)

Gold

1. Sovereign Gold Bond - as an alternative to purchasing gold metal
2. New scheme - for depositors of gold to earn interest and jewellers to obtain loans on their metal accounts
3. To develop an Indian Gold Coin - which will carry the Ashoka Chakra on its face, to reduce the demand for foreign coins and recycle the gold available in the country

* Claim Tax Benefits -

1. Deductions under Section 80C - Rs. 1.5 lakh
2. Deductions under Section 80CCD for contribution to NPS - Rs. 50,000
3. Interest on house property loan - Rs. 2 lakh
4. Exemption with new transportation allowance of Rs. 1,600 per month - Rs. 19,200
5. New deductible Health Insurance premium - Rs. 25,000

Total = Rs. 4,44,200